one kind of thinker who is above even the natural philosopher (for nature is only one particular genus of being), the discussion of these truths also will belong to him whose inquiry is universal and deals with primary substance. Physics also is a kind of Wisdom, but it is not the first kind.-And the attempts of some of those who discuss the terms on which truth should be accepted, are due to a want of training Lassana Diarra Drakter in logic; for they should know these things already when they come to a special study, and not be inquiring into them while they are listening to lectures on it.
Evidently then it belongs to the philosopher, i.e. to him who is Gyasi Zardes Drakter studying the nature of all substance, to inquire also into the Mattia Perin Drakter principles of syllogism. But he who knows best Air Jordan 1 I Retro Menn Sko about each genus must be able to state the most certain principles of his subject, so that he whose subject is existing things qua existing must Alexandre Lacazette Drakter be able to state the most certain principles of all things. This is the philosopher, and the most certain principle of all is that regarding which it is impossible to be mistaken; for such a principle must be both the best known (for all men may be mistaken about things which they do not Rafa Silva Drakter know), and non-hypothetical. For a principle which every Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang Drakter one must have who understands anything that is, is not a hypothesis; and that which every one must know who knows anything, he must already have when he comes to a special study. Evidently then such a principle is the most certain of all; which principle this is, let us proceed to say. It is, that the same attribute cannot at the same time belong and not belong to the same subject and in the same respect; we must presuppose, to guard against dialectical objections, any further qualifications which might be added. This, then, is the most certain of all principles, since it answers to the definition given above. For it is impossible for any one Ryan McLaughlin Drakter to believe the same thing to be and not to be, as some think Heraclitus says. For what a man says, he does not necessarily believe; and if it is impossible that contrary attributes should belong at the same time to the same subject (the usual qualifications must be presupposed in this premiss too), and if an opinion which contradicts another is contrary Andres Guardado Drakter to it, obviously it is impossible for the same man at the same time to believe the same thing to be and not to be; for if a man were mistaken on this point he would have contrary opinions at the same time. It is for this reason that all who are carrying out a demonstration reduce it Nike Air Max 90 Jacquard Dame Sko to this as an ultimate belief; for this is naturally the starting-point even for all the other axioms.
Book IV Chapter 4
There are some who, as we said, both themselves assert that it is possible for the same thing to be and not to be, and say that people can judge this to be the case. And David Luiz Drakter among others many writers about nature use this language. But we have now posited that it Nestor Araujo Drakter is impossible for anything at the same time to be and not to be, and by this means have shown that this is the most indisputable of all principles.-Somelinks:
http://www13.plala.or.jp/white_roots/gwbbs/gwbbs.cgi
http://www.matsue-yado.com/otoku/clip.cgi
http://www.ticovision.com/cgi-bin/index.cgi |
